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Ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and responses of plants to various environmental stimuli. It is involved in processes such as fruit ripening, flower senescence, leaf abscission, and response to stress. Here’s an overview of the roles of ethylene in plant growth and development: 1. Fruit […]

Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of plant hormones that play a fundamental role in regulating several aspects of plant growth and development. They are involved in processes such as stem elongation, seed germination, leaf expansion, flowering, and fruit development. Here’s an overview of the roles of gibberellins in plant growth and development: 1. Stem Elongation […]

Auxins are a class of plant hormones that play a fundamental role in various aspects of plant growth and development. They are involved in processes such as cell elongation, apical dominance, root initiation, vascular tissue differentiation, and tropisms (growth responses to external stimuli). Here’s an overview of the roles of auxins in plant growth and […]

Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. They are involved in cell division, shoot and root growth, chloroplast development, delay of senescence (aging), and other physiological processes. Here’s an overview of the roles of cytokinins in plant growth and development: 1. […]

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of plant hormones that play a significant role in various physiological processes, including cell elongation, cell division, seed germination, flowering, and stress tolerance. They are structurally similar to animal steroid hormones. The application of brassinosteroids in agriculture has been explored to enhance plant growth, stress tolerance, and overall crop productivity. […]

Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phytohormone, a derivative of salicin, which is found in various plants, particularly in willow bark. It has gained significant attention in agriculture due to its versatile role in enhancing plant defense mechanisms, stress tolerance, and overall growth. Here’s an overview of salicylic acid and its applications in agriculture: […]

Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin, a naturally occurring substance found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans (such as shrimp, crabs, and lobsters) and the cell walls of fungi. It has gained attention in agriculture due to its unique properties and potential benefits in plant growth, protection against diseases, and improvement of crop yield. Here’s […]

Bioinsecticides are natural insecticides derived from natural materials, organisms, or substances based on biological processes. They are a type of pest control method used in agriculture and gardening to manage and control insect pests in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner. Bioinsecticides offer an alternative to synthetic chemical insecticides, aiming to reduce the environmental impact and […]

Soil testing is a critical tool used by farmers, gardeners, and agricultural experts to assess the nutrient content and other properties of the soil. The results of a soil test provide valuable information about the soil’s fertility, pH, organic matter content, and potential deficiencies or excesses of essential nutrients. Here’s a general guide on how […]

“Hollow heart” in potatoes is a physiological disorder that manifests as a hollow cavity or hole in the center of the tuber, often resulting in reduced quality and market value. While it’s not a disease, hollow heart can be a significant concern for both growers and consumers. Addressing this issue involves implementing good agricultural practices […]